Sunday 30 August 2009

YouTube e la Pubblicità, video

Come trasformare YouTube in una macchina da soldi è stato il grande tema degli ultimi due anni legato alla capacita di Goggle di diversificare le proprie fonti di ricavo, pur rimanendo nell'ambito degli spazi pubblicitari, e quindi migliorare ulteriormente i propri risultati finanziari.
In una continua fase di ampliamento, Google ha esteso il prodotto YouTube Promoted Video ads consentendo agli sponsor di inserire i propri video nella sezione "Video correlati" che precedentemente apparivano solamente nella pagina di risposta alla ricerca.

Ma in una logica di lungo periodo la novità più interessante riguarda lo sviluppo della sezione news con l'intento di diventare il punto di riferimento per il settore televisivo nazionale e per quello locale in cambio di visibilità e raccolta pubblicitaria.
Si tratta di un passaggio che rischierà di diventare determinante nella misura in cui favorirà il fenomeno dell' Unbundling media anche a livello video, in particolar modo a livello locale.

Il tutto nel momento in cui anche YouTube entra a far parte della seconda fase dell'iniziativa "The Pool", lanciata a giugno da Vivaki del Gruppo Publicis e destinata a definire, insieme a tutti i protagonisti del settore, gli standard degli spot video on line.

Saturday 29 August 2009

Asics, il Design e i Blogger

Le iniziative che coinvolgono utenti più o meno attivi sulla rete si moltiplicano (vedi un post successivo su alcune iniziative di crowdsourcing con polemiche allegate) e tra queste una interessante per la concezione e per l'esecuzione è "What's a left without a right" della Asics.
L'agenzia coinvolta, la Amsterdam Worldwide, ha fatto realizzare una serie di oggetti legati agli anni '80 dalla Freedom of Creation, per celebrare una collezione che si ispira a quel periodo.

I dieci fortunati blogger che hanno ricevuto il prodotto si sono però trovati dinanzi un pacco dal contenuto un po' "Strano".

Per arrivare all'oggetto realizzato con una stampante 3D bisogna distruggere l'involucro costruito anch'esso con una stampante 3D. A quel punto il blogger si trova per le mani due metà di due oggetti diversi e da lì parte la caccia alla ricerca delle altre metà: la destra o la sinistra.






Tra i blogger coinvolti un italiano, Frizzifrizzi, di cui potete leggere l'esperienza qui

Thursday 6 August 2009

Communication, SocialDesign, Productio...

Communication, SocialDesign, Production, Distibution, - Lauren Luke -



A scuola, Luaren Luke, era la vittima preferita per il suo aspetto, una
Ugly Betty ante litteram per capirci, ragazza madre all'età di 16: non esattamente una storia di successo personale.
Ma possedeva un talento particolare e a Luglio, a 26 anni, ha lanciato la propria
linea di prodotti di cosmesi, by Lauren Luke: da e-bay ad una delle più rinomate catene di negozi per la cura del corpo. Come?



8 Giugno 2007. Un ragazza inglese timida, dal viso regolare, e che si mostrerà poi con un sorriso solare e occhi scintillanti, apre il proprio canale su Youtube, Panacea81. Lo fa creando delle lezioni di trucco, sì proprio di make up.
In questo modo decide infatti di rispondere alle richieste dei clienti che acquistavano su e-bay i prodotti di bellezza che lei vendeva, accompagnati dalle fotografie che la ritraevano con il trucco applicato.
Il primo video non è esattamente entusiasmante anche se, per chi interessato, istruttivo poiché tutte le operazioni vengono eseguite passo passo.



Oggi Lauren ha raggiunto un'altra sicurezza e capacità espositiva,


Dal primo video ad oggi, in due anni, non è cambiata solo la capacità espressiva di Luaren ma anche e soprattutto il suo destino personale

Lauren ha aperto un sito.

A Marzo 2008 è nato un fan club, oggi un po' dimesso.


I fan, uomini e donne hanno iniziato ha produrre contenuti creando dei mash up con le sue immagini e suoi video



Nel Novembre 2008, la BBC ha realizzato un servizio su di lei per "insideout"



Lauren ha creato una propria collezione che ha iniziato vendere sul proprio sito e che da Luglio 2009 è stata messa in distribuzione nella catena dei negozi Sephora e con una presenza definita sul sito della stessa azienda.

Questa vicenda dai toni così teneri fa nascere alcune domande, alcune legate al personaggio e alle ragioni del suo "fascino", altre relative alla sua capacità di gestione comunicativa e operativa. Probabilmente le risposte saranno più interconnesse di quanto non sembri a prima vista.
Tralasciando per ora gli aspetti più squisitamente legati all'immagine, concentriamoci sui fatti concreti.

Il miracolo non è avvenuto per caso: ha trovato due "affettuosi genitori" in Anomaly e Zorbit che nel frattempo è stata acquistata dal gruppo Maesa.

Sono quelli di Anomaly ad aver scoperto la fresca immagine di Lauren, aver creato il marchio, trovato il produttore, lanciato la linea by Lauren Luke, stretto gli accordi commerciali on line e off line e siglato il contratto per un libro.

Perfetto

E lei? Lei sembra ed è veramente genuina nella sua capacità di parlare normalmente alle ragazze e alle donne normali che sono, tante, alla ricerca di una guida pulita, affidabile, competente ma non tradizionale.

Un sistema di comunicazione diretto, spontaneo, semplice e coinvolgente, che sulla propria strada ha incontrato qualcuno capace di valorizzarlo senza stravolgerlo, di sviluppare il Design del progetto, cercare i Partner per la produzione, Zorbit, e la distribuzione, Sephora.

Altre sono pronte a seguirla

Perfetto

Sunday 2 August 2009

Spontaneo o geniale: Tutto in 10 giorni

I protagonisti: due sposini, i loro "compari" e le loro "commari", un improbabile impresario, un possibile intruso e "la mente": la colonna sonora o la discolpa.

Antefatto
12 mesi fa esce Forever che canta l'amore eterno in R&B e il cui interprete, Chris Brown, si rende protagonista del pestaggio della propria fidanzata, Rihanna. Dopo la violenza domestica del febbraio 2009, la carriera della stella americana si arresta bruscamente: tour interrotto, canzoni escluse dalle radio nazionali, spot ritirati, cancellata la partecipazione alla cerimonia della consegna dei Grammy Awards, posticitpata a data da definire l'uscita del nuovo album: un disastro.
Nel frattempo il ragazzo è stato condannato e, udite udite, il 5 Agosto verrà emanata la sentenza definitiva. Il cantante ha tenuto un profilo bassissimo mentre le associazioni contro al violenza domestica protestavano per la sentenza ritenuta troppo mite.
Queste le sue scuse pubbliche attraverso il canale su YouTube.

Atto primo
A metà luglio, Jill e Kevin organizzano così l'ingresso in chiesa del proprio matrimonio. Postano il video su Youtube il 19 luglio e in 10 giorni ottengono 15 milioni di visite. La colonna sonora? Forever.

Intermezzo, forse non previsto.
Una casa di produzione newyorkese, la Indigo Production, realizza una parodia della cerimonia portandola dal primo all'ultimo giorno. Al di là dei giudizi sul buon gusto, si tratta di un'operazione "ri-virale" molto intelligente da parte di un terzo incomodo forse veramente imprevisto.

Atto secondo
L'impresario di YouTube, Google, si affretta a raccontare gli effetti miracolosi della propria piattaforma di gestione dei contenuti e dei diritti, ContentID, rilasciata 20 giorni prima, il 10 luglio, attraverso la quale i possessori di diritti audio e video possono controllare l'uso del proprio materiale da parte degli utenti e stabilire come monetizzarlo oppure farlo cancellare. Un sistema sofisticato sia per la parte di riconoscimento automatico sia per la parte di gestione pubblicitaria.
In un post del 30 luglio ci viene infatti spiegato come, riconosciuta la colonna sonora del video dei due sposini, sia scattato un sistema di sponsorizzazione e di promozione, che ha portato una canzone vecchia di un anno e virtualmente bannata per il comportamento del suo interprete - ma questo non viene detto - ad occupare i primi posti delle classifiche di ITunes e Amazon.


L'epilogo
Visto il risultato "inatteso" i due sposini aprono un proprio sito dove promuovono una sottoscrizione di fondi per... si avete indovinato... un'associazione che si batte contro la violenza domestica. Qui veniamo anche a sapere che: "Violence prevention and intervention is an important issue to both Jilland Kevin. Jill's current PhD work focuses on breaking cycles of violence in society. She has also worked in restorative justice and community mediation. Kevin is headed to law school due to his passion for social justice."

Il commento
Premessa l'ammirazione per l'idea e l'esecuzione, intermezzo compreso, delle tre una: o i due sposini sono da premio a Cannes per la sezione virali UGC, ammesso che esista, o i signori di Goolge sono il genio del male, oppure l'agente di Chris Brown è il genio del male.

Certo che scegliere Forever per la cerimonia non può essere stato casuale da parte di una ragazza che si occupa di questi temi e a meno di quindici giorni dalla comunicazione della sentenza definitiva del suo autore.

Thursday 26 February 2009

Consumers remix clothes like a DJ does with music

In 2009 the only visible trend is that there are no unique visible trends.
Using netzine and blogrolls, consumers are questioning all the time the rules of the editorial elite, taking inspiration from peers to mix their own personal fashion style.
The social media world is flourishing with sites and projects which gather fashion street news, share informations and suggestions and offer buying solutions.

Some examples:

http://www.stitsh.com/
Look through our galleries of fashionable members of the public and if you like an item of clothing, click on it to buy it or something very similar. If you have requests, suggestions or just some commentary on our pictures please get involved in our new FORUM. All our images are of genuine people on the street, we don't use models. Our GALLERIES are updated weekly so check back regularly.

http://tavi-thenewgirlintown.blogspot.com/
12 year old garden gnome with the brain of a wind-up monkey, posture of a crotchety old hag, and tact of Larry David. I enjoy Edward Gorey, vulgar thoughts, rapping about Rei Kawakubo, and reenacting scenes from the Lion King with 10-month-old babies. I am not cute.

http://childhoodflames.blogspot.com/
camille
"Nothing of me is original. I am the combined effort of everybody I've ever known." - Chuck Palahnuik (Invisible Monsters)

http://thefashbot.blogspot.com/
Stephanie
Età: 16 I like to play dress up.

http://www.coutorture.com/
"The whole point of magazine editorial is to present a cohesive vision," explains Julie Fredrickson, founder of fashion blogging community Coutorture. "That's why traditional media is conducive to fashion that is very distinct and holistic. New media is now providing a more effective venue for niches, subgroups and outliers in fashion to promote their vision."

http://www.thecobrasnake.com/

http://fashionista.com/
Fashionista.com is an online explosion of personalities, companies, events and trends that shape the fashion universe. We chronicle the fashion trail from the runway to the first Canal Street knockoffs, while dishing the latest in supermodel gossip and finding the hottest new designers.

http://www.stylehive.com/

Ever seen someone on the street who's style is so cool, you just want to follow them from store to store and find out their style secrets? Well at Stylehive.com, you can!

Stylehive.com is an online style club for people who live for fashion, design and shopping. It's where you meet your style muses and follow them as they discover and share their latest finds.

Part social-networking club, part pop-culture lab , Stylehive.com is one big ensemble cast of trendsetters creating, discovering and buying the next big thing!


http://www.fashionwindows.com/

DALLAS, Dec 1, 2007 / FW/ --- In 1996, Fashionwindows.com was launched; a year later, it became a full-pledged fashion website covering the international fashion capitals as part of its reporting.

As part of the internet grassroots movement, FashionWindows was a trailblazer for its time. A decade has passed since then, and the internet had also evolved to become Web 2.0.

True to the pioneering nature of FashionWindows, it is also time to enter the Web 2.0 arena. From first-hand runway show reports, to blogs & wikis, editorial shoots & trend forecasting, FashionWindows promises to be your window on fashion.

Yet, progress is not without pain. As we try to make FashionWindows Web 2.0 compliant, the code that was written in 1995 through 2005 no longer applies. Databases, lay-out and software have to be upgraded and/or rewritten.

And as you take this journey with us, you will see a lot of changes. A new look and a new masthead with some familiar names will guide you as FashionWindows continues to cover fashion and retail.


http://www.my-wardrobe.com/womenswear

my-wardrobe.com is an entirely fashion-focused web site, designed and developed in the UK, and was launched in April 2006. We aim to offer you the latest in high fashion clothing, shoes, and accessories.

We support fashion designers from the UK and Europe and many important US and Australian designers are also represented as we aim to provide a comprehensive range of collections for your 'wardrobe'.

my-wardrobe.com only sells current season collections. You will find a selection of sale items throughout the site, but we will never sell last season collections at full price.

We aim to provide you with first class customer services:

Purchases are delivered next day to most UK and European destinations. All purchases are beautifully presented. Customers may return all items, including Sale items. Pricing is the Recommended Retail Price (RRP).

The call centre is open 9 am 6 pm Monday to Friday.

The site is constantly being updated as new collections arrive. Check back daily as no two days are ever the same.

Monday 16 February 2009

Open ID - One ring to free them all. Or not?

The user registration has been, is and will be a key action in the Internet world.

The registration is strictly connected with the service concept (Forum, Chat, web mail, IM, blog, Microblogging) free or not free, and for extension with the portal idea of content and entertainment.

"One ring to rule them all" became the final achievement.
The strategic and economic value of the registered users was evident from the beginning and became the ultimate goal. Today the registration step is still more compelling.

The social networking went in using two different account versions. The distribute one and the comprehensive one, being Google the leading actor for the former and Facebook for the later. The Gmail account became the general purpose id/pwd combination for the Google World of services and the Facebook account (or MySpace, etc..) the open door for a comprehensive environment, a kind of network inside the big Internet.

The open ID foundation could be the meeting point for all the different positions and its adoption by the big players (Microsoft, Google, Facebook....) and by the Portal and Services sites could mean a veritable turnaround in the user registration and management.

If you want to check my account try here

Monday 9 February 2009

Twitter world 02

Twitter ecosystem
http://www.mrtweet.net/
http://tweepsearch.com/
http://twtvite.com/
http://twittangle.com/
http://twitority.com/
http://twithority.com/
http://twitpic.com/
http://www.tweetag.com/
http://www.convomonitor.com/
http://www.twitwall.com/
http://www.twitblogs.com/
Search
http://spy.appspot.com/
http://daymix.com/
http://www.twingly.com/
http://tweepler.com/
http://twitterel.com/
http://twitturly.com/
http://www.neoformix.com/Projects/TwitterVenn/view.php
http://search.twitter.com/
http://tweetscan.com/index.php
Twitter alternatives
http://www.jaiku.com/
http://identi.ca/
http://www.plurk.com/
http://www.kwippy.com/
Twitter for companies
https://www.yammer.com/
https://presentlyapp.com/
http://www.basecamphq.com/
http://www.centraldesktop.com/
http://www.wizehive.com/#
http://www.producteev.com/
Twitter like platform
http://laconi.ca
Twitter events
http://twestival.com/
http://twitter.com/IsraelConsulate
Twitter wiki and news around Twitter
http://twitter.pbwiki.com/Apps
http://twitdom.com/
http://www.twitterrati.com/

Sunday 1 February 2009

AR? why not?

Waiting for something more appealing, we can start some very intriguing applications using different techniques of Augmented Reality. It consists on mixing 2D and 3D models with your real environment - even more - to interact with these 2D and 3D-contents in your personal space.
Here a video example:



The video camera is a fundamental component of the system and it works as well as using a cell phone with a direct interaction between two or more people, as you can watch here:



A different but innovative approach below





An easy way exists in the traditional form as it is suggested here

Tuesday 13 January 2009

Twitter world 01

There are many text communication digital methods: e-mail, sms, chat, IM, forum, blog. These methods could be classified by who is writing to whom (1 to 1, 1 to n), by time presence, by privacy vs public exposure, and by many other ways. But the Twitter phenomenon is something apart. It started a lifestream continuum where live conversation became the new mantra. The NOW is the answer and so.....

Goggle - Twitter
Google.com has suddenly become the source for pages — not conversations, not the real time web. Google is the past Twitter is the present. During the Hudson landing Twitter was the first source of information. If you want to know what is going on now on the Internet, you ask Twitter not Google. If you want to know what went on on the Internet, you ask Google if you want the pages but you ask Twitter if you want the feelings.


Facebook - Twitter
Facebook is the old way: other you need to ask permission or you have to give permission. Twitter is a open arena: if you want to start a conversation, just make your account public
and go on. Everyone can read it and, if he likes, can re tweet it or @replies at it.

Twitter data
Twitter has become a popular pastime for many who like to update their daily thoughts and activities, as well as for the voyeurs who just enjoy reading the tweets. The last data available show these trends.

Twitter used by company
Some see Twitter as an extension of the marketing department; others view it as a customer service tool, and some say it's best for corporate communications. In 2008, several brands established a Twitter presence, including H&R Block, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Dell, and Home Depot, Ford, Dunkin' Donuts, Whole Foods.
Tesco from UK
Ford
Currently, the firm has about six accounts, including FordDriveOne, the main corporate account; FordDriveGreen, an account focused on environmental technologies; and FordCustService for, well, customer service.
Dunkin' Donuts
Dunkin' Dave tweets

Comcast
ComcastCares
Whole Foods
@wholefoods
Zappos
The firm's CEO Tony Hsieh

Sunday 4 January 2009

Unbundling Media 03 - internet-overtakes-newspapers-as-news-source

Had to happen. At least in USA.
The internet, which emerged this year as a leading source for campaign news, has now surpassed all other media except television as a main source for national and international news.
The Pew Research Center's report shows the inevitable evidence.
But the devil's in the details. "For young people, however, the internet now rivals television as a main source of national and international news. Nearly six-in-ten Americans younger than 30 (59%) say they get most of their national and international news online; an identical percentage cites television."
Here the complete report

Unbundling Media 02: First USA, second UK, next EU Newspapers?

The economic consequences of unbundling media are emerging everywhere. The combined action of economic downturn and online news gathering and distributions is changing the timing of newsparpers industry crisis. The article stress that the advertising downturn is not cyclical but permanent. If so, and I think the author is right, the Unbundling media dilemma will be the core question for any possible economic model dedicated to the newspapers industry.

Wikinomics 02 Who writes Wikipedia?

Henry Blodget, of Silicon Alley Insider, wrote a post on an open question "who-the-hell-writes-wikipedia-anyway" but the hard fact still remains here. An article of Aaron Swartz, which changes a general assumption supported by Jmbo Wales, the Wikipedia founder: "Wikipedia was actually written by a community ... a dedicated group of a few hundred volunteers" where "I know all of them and they all know each other". Really, "it's much like any traditional organization."

Aaron Swartz conclusions are quite different and they deserve a careful reading.

Why? In depends if you do the math with the contributions' number or the contributions' lenght: In the first case you have the Wales results, in the second Swartz' findings

"When you put it all together, the story become clear: an outsider makes one edit to add a chunk of information, then insiders make several edits tweaking and reformatting it. In addition, insiders rack up thousands of edits doing things like changing the name of a category across the entire site -- the kind of thing only insiders deeply care about. As a result, insiders account for the vast majority of the edits. But it's the outsiders who provide nearly all of the content."

The difference between author and editor, perhaps.

Some questions

1.Is a corporate web site different from a business card?
2.Better; is a corporate web site address different from a corporate street address?
3.Still better; is a corporate web site different from a corporate call centre?
4.Do you meet your customers and your prospects where they are? TV, Street, Events, Mall?
5.Do you invite your customers to visit your corporate headquarters?
6.Do you engage them where their atoms lives are?
7.Do you engage them where their bits lives are? that's the problem.
8.Is the digital (bits) life experience so different from the atom life experience? frankly not.
  1. If I am chatting, twittering, facebooking, playing, reading a news, writing a post, working and so on, why should I leave my activities and go to your corporate web site more than I should go to your corporate headquarters?
  2. Most of all; why should you spend money, a lot of, to bring me to your corporate or brand web site?
  3. I am listening to many sources: news feeds, friends, useful sites, video web site (You Tube yes, but Hulu too), please take your place in the queue;
  4. I am doing a lot of things: blogging, mailing, facebooking, netlogging, ecc; could you make life better for me?
9.Is there a digital life or is it beyond reality?

Some data on Internet user behaviour

The standard web data sheets dedicated to brand managers show the regular suspects: how many users, how many page views, how long were the user visits and so on; how many click-troughs if we are speaking of a banner campaign. But, as someone perhaps said, everything is relative; comparing the user base growth in the last three years period against itself or the Internet user growth (country speaking, worldwide speaking, on age base speaking, etc...) for instance, could bring to very contradictory conclusions. Nevertheless, the real unasked question is: how is my preferred user spending his time on Internet? not which sites is he visiting in order to plan and run an ad campaign but what is he doing on line all the time long.

We are speaking of hour(s)/day Internet usage against seconds/day corporate web site frequentation. With the development of unbundling media and social networking, the Internet
time per user will growth steady but the fraction dedicated to the corporate web sites visit will be still reduced.


On this subject, a very interesting survey, called Digital
Life Digital World
, has been conducted by TNS.
The authors say: “we try to capture how the internet fits into the lives of residents from sixteen countries across the world. How digital are their lives? How do they use the internet? Is a digital life the same as a social life or does a social life today require a complementary digital life? This study takes a comprehensive look at these issues and offers answers to these questions.” This survey shows some strong trends in Internet usage. According to the report “we spend a third of out leisure time using the internet”, and we are doing it because is fun and social; while people see internet as a medium for sending and receiving messagges, between the first five activities people are doing online, three “are related to information gathering (looking up news and weather, and using search engine to find information)”. Social media and social networking have a central role in internet life of users. The importance of this role will increase in the future following the actual trend.








Unbundling Media 01

The quiet revolution started some time ago but now it is going toward its tipping point.
The unbundling media's best description I came across is Nicholas Carr's The Big Switch (rewiring the world from Edison to Google).
“But the nature of a newspaper, both as a medium for information and as a business, changes when it loses its physical form and shifts to the Internet. It gets read in a different way, and it makes money in a different way. A print newspaper provides an array of content—local stories, national and international reports, news analyses, editorials and opinion columns, photographs, sports scores, stock tables, TV listings, cartoons, and a variety of classified and display advertising— all bundled together into a single product. People subscribe to the bundle, or buy it at a newsstand, and advertisers pay to catch readers' eyes as they thumb through the pages. The publisher's goal is to make the entire package as attractive as possible to a broad set of readers and advertisers. The newspaper as a whole is what matters, and as a product it's worth more than the sum of its parts. When a newspaper moves online, the bundle falls apart. Readers don't flip through a mix of stories, advertisements, and other bits of content. They go directly to a particular story that interests them, often ignoring everything else. In many cases, they bypass the newspaper's "front page" altogether, using search engines, feed readers, or headline aggregators like Google News, Digg, and Daylife to leap directly to an individual story. They may not even be aware of which newspaper's site they've arrived at. For the publisher, the newspaper as a whole becomes far less important. What matters are the parts. Each story becomes a separate product standing naked in the marketplace. It lives or dies on its own economic merits.
Because few newspapers, other than specialised ones like the Wall Street Journal, are able to charge anything for their online editions, the success of a story as a product is judged by the advertising revenue it generates. Advertisers no longer have to pay to appear in a bundle. Using sophisticated ad placement services like Google AdWords or Yahoo Search Marketing, they can target their ads to the subject matter of an individual story or even to the particular readers it attracts, and they only pay the publisher a fee when a reader views an ad or, as is increasingly the case, clicks on it. Each ad, moreover, carries a different price, depending on how valuable a viewing or a clickthrough is to the advertiser. A pharmaceutical company will pay a lot for every click on an ad for a new drug, for instance, because every new customer it attracts will generate a lot of sales. Since all page views and ad clickthroughs are meticulously tracked, the publisher knows precisely how many times each ad is seen, how many times it is clicked, and the revenue that each view or clickthrough produces.
The most successful articles, in economic terms, are the ones that not only draw a lot of readers but deal with subjects that attract high-priced ads. And the most successful of all are those that attract a lot of readers who are inclined to click on the high-priced ads. An article about new treatments for depression would, for instance, tend to be especially lucrative, since it would attract expensive drug ads and draw a large number of readers who are interested in new depression treatments and hence likely to click on ads for psychiatric drugs. Articles about saving for retirement or buying a new Car or putting an addition onto a home would also tend to throw off a large profit, for similar reasons. On the other hand, a long investigative article on government corruption or the resurgence of malaria in Africa would be much less likely to produce substantial ad revenues. Even if it attracts a lot of readers, a long shot in itself, it doesn't cover a subject that advertisers want to be associated with or that would produce a lot of valuable clickthroughs. In general, articles on serious and complex subjects, from politics to wars to international affairs, will fail to generate attractive ad revenues.
Such hard journalism also tends to be expensive to produce. A publisher has to assign talented journalists to a long-term reporting effort, which may or may not end in a story, and has to pay their salaries and benefits during that time. The publisher may also have to shell out for a lot of expensive flights and hotel stays, or even set up an overseas bureau. When bundled into a print edition, hard journalism can add considerably to the overall value of a newspaper. Not least, it can raise the prestige of the paper, making it more attractive to subscribers and advertisers. Online, however, most hard journalism becomes difficult to justify economically. Getting a freelance writer to dash off a review of high-definition television sets—or, better yet, getting readers to contribute their own reviews for free—would produce much more attractive returns........
Speaking before the Online Publishing Association in 2006, the head of the New York Times's Web operation, Martin Nisenholtz, summed up the dilemma facing newspapers today. He asked the audience a simple question: "How do we create high-quality content in a world where advertisers want to pay by the click, and consumers don't want to pay at all?" The answer may turn out to be equally simple: we don't. At least one major newspaper, The Times of London, admits that it has already begun training its reporters to craft their stories in ways that lead to higher placements in search engines. Jim Warren, the Chicago Tribune's managing editor, says that "you can't really avoid the fact that page views are increasingly the coin of the realm." As long as algorithms determine the distribution of profits, they will also determine what gets published.
The unbundling of content is not unique to newspapers or other print publications. It's a common feature of most online media. Apple's iTunes store has unbundled music, making it easy to buy by the song rather than the album. Digital video recorders like TiVo and pay-per-view cable services are unbundling television, separating the program from the network and its schedule. Video sites like YouTube go even further, letting viewers watch brief clips rather than sitting through entire shows. Amazon.com has announced plans to unbundle books, selling them by the page. Google provides “snippets” of text from published works through its controversial Book Search service. Podcasting is unbundling radio programs. Wikipedia is unbundling the encyclopedia. The "bundling of the world's computers into a single network," writes Daniel Akst, "is ushering in what may be called the unbundled age."
Economists are quick to applaud the breaking up of media products into their component pieces. In their view, it's how markets should work. Consumers should be able to buy precisely what they want without having to "waste" money on what they don't. The Wall Street Journal celebrates the development, saying it heralds a new era in which we'll no longer have "to pay for detritus to get the good stuff." That's true in many cases, but not in all. Creative works are not like other consumer goods, and the economic efficiency that would be welcomed in most markets may have less salutary effects when applied to the building blocks of culture. It's worth remembering, as well, that the Internet is a very unusual marketplace, where information of all sorts tends to be given away and money is made through indirect means like advertising. Once you fragment both the audience and the advertising in such a market, large investments in the production of certain creative works become much harder for businesses to justify. If the news business is any indication, the "detritus" that ends up being culled from our culture may include products that many of us would define as "the good stuff." What's sacrificed may not be blandness but quality. We may find that the culture of abundance being produced by the World Wide Computer is really just a culture of mediocrity—many miles wide but only a fraction of an inch deep.”